Who was the last country to leave India | Which European country leave India last | Schoolnearheart | timeline

 Which Foreign Country came to India First and left the country last 

Portuguese India 

Which country leave India first Great Britain or Portugal and who ruled for more time.

----- hey there, today we are going to discuss which foreign rulers left India last, as many of us think that Britishers 

were the last of the foreign rulers but that is not exactly true, Britishers are one of the last ruling parties leaving India but the Portuguese are the 

one who left India last and also not peacefully but after an Indian military operation take place. 

but we study or listened about Britishers only because they are more powerful and they had more land under their rule but the first one to claim

the rule is Portugal as they are the one who founded the route to India 

Portugal's rule started from 1505 to December 1961. making goa and Cochin the big capital cities, the total area under Portuguese control 

was 1619 square miles that mean 4,193 square km.

okay, so who founded the route to India, actually we all take this in the wrong way India is not discovered the route is discovered 

Vasco de Gama the very familiar name to all of us, discovered the route from his homeland to the Indian coast, but I don't know why we

take it as he discovered India, discovering something means that the world is not aware of that particular thing or place but as we India had a vast & rich

history with trades and various other relations with other countries . so that means India is known to the whole world.

now coming back to the topic again, The Portugal rule in India 

Estado Portuguese da India

1498 ------the Portuguese colony in India is also known as Portuguese India (Estado Portuguese da India ). the Portuguese were the first ones who came to India and the last ones who leaves. the gates were opened for the Portuguese by Vasco de Gama who came to India in 1498. when Vasco de Gama first landed in Calicut 
he met the zamorins, zamorins are the working rulers of Cochin, and they led the stone for the Portuguese to trade.

gunnery part of fort kochi

1503 ------ as the trades were going on and the economies keep on flourishing as the materials Portugal ship carry from Indian coasts
they sell them almost 60 times the original price in Portugal. but both the kingdoms now trust each other, and as a result 
" the first Portuguese fort was built in Kochin near the sea coast of Arabian sea as a symbol of the strategic alliance between the maharaja 
of Kochi and the kingdom of Portugal " and then chief of Kochi granted Portugal to make their first fort ( fort Emanuel now fort Kochi )
in Asia.

Fort Kannur

1505 ------- the second Portugal fort came into existence after permission from the ruler of kolathiri the fort name id St. Angelo fort.

conquest of Diu

1509 ------- the Portuguese wants to control the water trades routes and as a result, they demolished the fleets of trades between the Arabs, Egyptians, and zamorins.

this act is called a battle of Diu.

attack on Goa

1510 -------- first attack on Goa with the help of  Timoji and they fought with Bijapur Sultanate and conquered the area of Goa .can be taken as a 
real starting of Portugal colony rule in India.

1530 ------ Goa was declared as the capital of Portugal colony, and this act can be taken as Portuguese are willing to move more further in Indian coast.

Diu fort

1538 ------- Diu is completely under the influence and control of the Portuguese after they conquered and making a fort there.

fort gate

1539 -------- after the battle of Diu in 1509 the relations are at the edges of falling apart and in late 1538 the siege of Diu which is under the control of the Portuguese was attacked by the ottoman empire, Arabs, and zamorins as a revengeful act, but the Portuguese are fairly successful to defend for long 4 months of regular siege attacks from three strong sides. as a result the ottoman retreats.

Portuguese coin

1559 ------- after Diu, Daman also comes under Portugal's control.

Dutch East India Company

1596 ------- the Dutch came to India under the banner of The dutch east India company with the hope of exchanges of textiles with spices 
in the trade monopoly and this cost, a loss to Portugal in trade monopoly.

British East India Company

1612 -------- with the trend to rule and make a British colony in India, the British East India Company took over Surat, Gujarat 
after defeating the Portuguese in the battle of Suvali . after this event Britishers came close to the Mughals and might have a perfect 
the spot to enter Indian trades.

when Bombay was given in Dowry

1661 --------- Bombay was given to Britishers by the Portuguese as a dowry, on 11 May 1661, the marriage treaty of Charles 2 of England and the
 daughter of king john 4 of Portugal takes place and Bombay act as a matter of dowry.

1663 ---------- the Portuguese lost all of their possessions and forts on the Malabar coast to the Dutch.

1779 --------- Dadra and Nagar haveli were Acquisition.

1843 ---------- the capital was shifted from Goa to Panjim .by this time Portugals are losing the winning march and glory around 
and Britishers are already taking a big part in India.

operation Vijay 

1961 -------- finally the 450 years of rule on the Indian coast came to an end when the Indian military invaded the remaining colonies
of Portuguese in Goa and Daman and the governor of the Portuguese colony signed the surrender paper on 19 December 1961.

but even after a long 450 years of rule in Indian coastlines why didn't they ruled only on the coast and didn't enter central India

the Answer is a stronghold of Maratha's in the Gujarat and Deccan area they fought a few battles there and also the Mughals in the 

north. but they are not only suppressed on the land but also in the ocean by the strong naval hold of the Dutch and after then

the British fought and won the Mughals trust to enter India and gain strong control over monopolies, taxes, and factories in India 

which is a setback for the Portuguese.

the whole summary is that the Portuguese is the first Europeans who came to India and the last ones to leave India, As the British leave India 

In in 1947 but Portuguese left India and its coast in 1961 in these 450 years reign they flourish their trade monopoly, balances their

economies fought many battles and defend many forts but later the shine keeps on fading they lost all of their forts and many parts of their trade monopolies

so this was the brief of the whole Portuguese journey in India and Indian oceans.

prime minister meet

India and Portugal relationship in today's times

--- after Independence India makes the diplomatic relationship with Portugal but it didn't go well and in 1950 the relationship was declined from the side of Portugal dictator 

Antonio Salazar didn't want to surrender the Portugal colonial area like Goa and Daman. but Indian military operation, Operation Vijay in 1961 took place

and Goa was liberated. 

----- when the dictatorship was replaced with democracy in Portugal, diplomatic relations were restored and both nations signed the treaty which says the sovereign rule of India over Goa, Diu, Daman, and Nagar haveli and other matters.

------- today both nations find themselves in a good and warm diplomatic relationship.

-------during the visit of pm Narendra Modi in 2017 to Portugal, 11 mou's were signed in various sectors. 

------- Portugal supported Indian presence in MTCR in 2016.

-------major export from Indian side - textiles, metal, chemical, plastic, rubber, footwear, machinery, Appliances, and many more.

-------- major exports from Portugal - machinery, plastic, wood, corks, paper, pulp, leather, optical and precision instruments.